From capital growth to income. The possible life phases of Investment & Savings

Everybody tends to move through their personal life phases over time. It would be natural for their money to do the same as their needs develop and evolve.

This usually requires some financial planning and I have considered below some of the issues that might need to be considered through the phases of a lifetime.

Starting the savings process 

Capital accumulation usually needs (amongst others) time and money. This might sound a bit obvious, but the sooner you can start saving the better, and the more you can put in at the earliest points usually creates the most capital (not guaranteed ) for the future. This might start with smaller amounts in your early working years and build as the pressures of household and family expenses come under control and household income rises as your career develops.

The desire to save can be fuelled by any number of objectives, from buying a house, to saving for a wedding, to paying for school fees, to name just a few examples. It might be simpler than that, just paying for this year’s summer holiday.

Accumulation phase / Capital Growth 

As you move through your working life, and savings are invested, many will focus on capital growth as the objective. They have no real need for additional income and their investment objective is capital growth, with any income produced being re-invested accordingly.  Savings might be invested in tax efficient plans, such as ISAs and pensions, and also balanced across spouses/ partners to ensure that annual allowances are maximised where possible. This last point also has the potential to help balance income using income tax allowances in later years, such as retirement.

Attitudes to investment risk might be balanced or aggressive in this phase to endeavour to maximise returns, accepting that this is likely to import volatility in returns. More information on investment risk (and notes on volatility) can be found on our website here. The important issues of volatility can be considered further at our Investment Risk Scale here.

Income Phase 

It is possible that at the end of a working life (and usually the end of the accumulation phase), savings and investments would be re-balanced with the emphasis being focussed on income generation (rather than capital growth previously targeted) to boost income in retirement.  Attitudes to investment risk should also be checked at this time to re-test tolerance to risk and capacity for loss (ability to withstand falls in the value of the investment and/or reductions in the amount of income it can generate). Some may want to reduce their previous investment risk ratings, becoming less accepting of significant volatility in the capital they have accumulated.

This income phase may sometimes be deferred if not needed, being initiated when higher costs are incurred in later life, such as Long Term Care. More information on this topical point can be found on our website here.

Summary 

As the notes above indicate, a regular review of the allocation of your investment assets is worthwhile, partly to ensure that they continue to match your attitude to investment risk and partly to ensure that they match the life phase (and its requirements) that you reach. Past performance is not a guarantee of future performance.

No individual advice has been provided in the content of this blog. For individual advice on your pensions, savings and investments needs, please contact the team at Chapters Financial on 01483 578800.

Keith Churchouse FPFS
Director
Chartered Financial Planner, ISO22222 Certified Financial Planner Chapters Financial Limited

Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, number 402899.

How to save for your Children’s future

We are often asked by our clients what is available for them to start saving for their children’s futures? The question is a valid one as they want to ensure their children have as good a start as possible. However, what many people don’t realise is that if a parent gives money to a child, and that money generates more than £100 per year in income, then the income is taxed on the parent’s marginal tax rate and not the child’s.

 

Children, the same as adults, have a personal income tax allowance of £9,440 in the current tax year (2013/2014) which is the amount they can receive as income before income tax is liable. So what are the options available to parents? I have given brief descriptions below of some of the options which could be utilised. This is not an exhaustive list, but provides some ideas for your consideration.  

 

Child Trust Funds

 

These were available to children who were born between 01 September 2002 and 2 January 2011 and who lived in the UK. The Child Trust Fund (CTF) is a long-term tax free account which allows £3,720 a year to be added into the account. The money belongs to the child, however the fund cannot be accessed until the child reaches 18 years old.

 

There are 3 types of Child Trust Fund accounts: 

• Stakeholder (certain rules apply, such as you must invest in more than one company and move to lower risk investments when the child is 13)
• Share Account (Equity based fund)
• Savings (Deposit based fund)

The Government is currently considering whether to allow Child Trust Funds to be converted into Junior ISAs (described below) but this is purely at the consultation phase and has not been passed into legislation. There is no guarantee that any changes will be made.

 

Junior Individual Savings Accounts (JISAs)

 

The Junior ISA effectively replaced the Child Trust Fund and was initially made available from 01 November 2011. The child is able to own a Junior ISA if they are under the age of 18, live in the UK and were not entitled to a Child Trust Fund (CTF). Any income or gain is free from tax other than the 10% dividend tax credit produced by equity holdings which cannot be reclaimed.

 

The account can be opened by the child if they are at least 16 years old or by the person with parental responsibility. The account is owned by the child but operated by the parent / guardian until the child reaches the age of 16. The money cannot be accessed until the child reaches 18. When the child reaches the age of 18 the Junior ISA is automatically converted into a full adult ISA.

 

Similar to adult ISAs, there are two types of Junior ISA – a Cash Junior ISA and a Stocks & Shares Junior ISA. You can choose either type, or both, but the combined maximum annual contribution is limited to £3,720 (2013/2014).

 

Pensions

 

Any UK resident is allowed to contribute 100% of their earnings or up to £3,600 (gross), whichever is greater, in each tax year and receive tax relief at their marginal rate up to a maximum of £50,000 (2013/2014).

 

Therefore, the majority of children could, as an example, have contributions of up to £3,600 gross per year into a pension fund which grows tax efficiently. This means that to receive the total maximum gross contribution of £3,600 the money invested on behalf of the child would only have to be £2,880, with the remainder (£720) being paid by the government in the form of tax relief at 20%.

 

It should be noted that the fund which is accumulated within a pension cannot be accessed until the age of 55 (under current legislation). From the age of 55, the fund can provide a tax-free lump sum of up to 25% and the balance providing a taxable income.

 

Summary

 

These options could be very useful in the early financial planning of any child’s future, however professional financial advice should be received before implementing any savings for children. There are other tax efficient savings options available, such as Premium Bonds, and it is sensible to consider these before finalising any savings plans you have for the future.

 

If you would like to know more about this area of financial planning, your children’s tax allowances, and the different types of accounts available to children then please contact the team at Chapters Financial Limited on 01483 578800.

 

No individual advice has been provided in the text of this blog. We would urge you to seek independent financial advice (IFA) on your own individual circumstances and needs.

 

Simon Hewitt BSc (Hons) DipPFS

Financial Planner

Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, number 402899.

 

Pensions – Lifetime Allowances – Reductions and Protection

Pensions planning for higher earners is likely to become extremely topical in the balance of 2013 and early 2014.  

 

In previous Chapters Financial Blogs, we have referred to the forthcoming reduction in the Pension Annual Allowance from £50,000 to £40,000 from tax year 2014/2015. Another important allowance in respect of pensions is the Lifetime Allowance (LTA) which is the total deemed benefit amount held by an individual in all pension arrangements above which tax charges would apply.

 

I have looked at a few of the points you might want to consider below.

 

Lifetime Allowance (LTA) – Limits

 

The Lifetime Allowance was introduced on 06 April 2006 through legislation. The Lifetime Allowance (LTA) is currently £1.5M (tax year 2013/2014) and is due to reduce to £1.25M at the beginning of the new tax year, from 6 April 2014. This limit has already dropped from £1.80M (tax year 2011/2012) and the apparent trend may continue as the Treasury tries to garner more taxable funds. There is no guarantee this is the case and only time will tell.

 

Tax on Excess above LTA

 

If individuals’ total benefits accrued are greater than the Lifetime Allowance (without suitable protection), then a punitive tax charge would apply on the excess benefits of 55%, if taken as a lump sum, or 25% if taken as taxable pension income. Therefore, it could be more beneficial to remain within the Lifetime Allowance limit and divert any disposable income to other tax-efficient wrappers / products.

 

HMRC Consultation

 

It should be noted that HMRC have launched a consultation paper (June 2013) on possible smaller changes to the application of the LTA and this can be found here:

 

https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/pensions-tax-relief-individual-protection-from-the-lifetime-allowance-charge

 

Please note that this is a consultation and we will endeavour to keep our readers posted on any agreed changes.

 

Chapters Financial is not responsible for the content of external website information.

 

Protection of Benefits

 

The government is allowing individuals to protect deemed pension benefits which have accrued greater than £1.25M prior to 06 April 2014. Confirmation and the documentation to achieve this should be available from autumn 2013.

 

This protection will be known as Fixed Protection 2014 (or FP14) and Individual Protection 2014 (or IP14). Each protection offers a different type of pension protection to the individuals’ benefits and are applied for at different times.

 

·         FP14 must be applied for prior to 06 April 2014.

 

·         IP14 can be applied for in a 3 year window from 06 April 2014.

 

It should be noted that IP14 is still in the consultation phase and has not been passed as legislation.

 

Defined Benefit Schemes

 

It is worth noting that Defined Benefit schemes (such as a Final Salary scheme) are valued, against the Lifetime Allowance, using a factor of 20, plus lump sum where applicable.

 

As an example, any pension income benefit accrued over approximately £62,500 pa (with no tax free cash) could breach the new reduced £1.25M Lifetime Allowance (2014/2015).

 

You should seek individual advice on this topic if it affects you.

 

Professional Advice

 

Whenever changes to pension legislation are due to come into force then considered financial planning should be sought from professional independent financial advisers.

 

If you would like to know more about this pension planning, your tax allowances and the different types of protection available then please contact the team at Chapters Financial Limited on 01483 578800.

 

No individual advice has been provided in the text of this blog. You should seek independent financial advice (IFA) in your own individual circumstances and needs.

Simon Hewitt BSc (Hons) DipPFS

Financial Planner

Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, number 402899.

Business Risks Protection

The team at Chapters Financial Limited is proud to offer service and advice to the directors and staff of Small to Medium Enterprises (SME's) across Surrey, Kent and the south east region.

In specialising in business planning, including pension, protection and investment planning, Chapters Financial Limited receives requests from companies and enquirers for information on suitable cover for professional risks. This subject is a specialist area requiring bespoke solutions to the company’s needs and individual objectives.

To offer help in this area, we feel greater value can be secured by referring these enquirers to the specialist team at MacQueen International, based in Guildford, who serve business owners and managers in providing protection for business risks. They offer independent advice, like us, and have the following pedigree:

• Member of the British Insurance Brokers Association;
• Authorised and Regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority
• Based in Guildford, Surrey, UK
  
• Offering a wide range of commercial insurances including a Specialists Division in the provision and management of Professional Indemnity insurance
  Established in 1986
• Brokers to the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport in the UK
  
• Martin Macqueen, Director at MacQueen International Insurance Brokers Limited notes:

Through our two operating Divisions, Corporate and Professional, we offer a personal service from the initial meeting to assess the risks associated with your business through to extensive marketing in the London companies and Lloyd’s market to secure best terms tailored to your specific needs, to hands on claims management, including negotiation with underwriter’s appointed loss adjuster, solicitor or other claims handler to ensure that the policy you purchased works for you, to protect your assets and your company’s reputation.

Like Chapters Financial Limited, we place a high value on the quality of service provided to our clients and we are recognised within the professional market as a competitive and resourceful broker in the management of our clients’ insurance programmes.

We are delighted to be associated with Chapters Financial Limited.

When discussing the products available, Martin has provided a few examples for information below:

Typically Directors and Officers policies are divided into two parts:

• Directors & Officers Liability Coverage: The insurance company will pay the loss of individual Directors and Officers when the company cannot indemnify the individuals
• Corporate Reimbursement Coverage: The insurance company will pay the loss of the company when it has provided indemnity to the individual Directors and / or Managers

However coverage can be extended to include:

• Full Employment Practices Liability – covers the company (as opposed to the individual Directors/Managers) legal liability arising from a wrongful employment act including unfair dismissal, race, sex, age and disability discrimination.
• Corporate Liability (entity coverage) includes coverage for the company (as opposed to the Individual Directors / Managers) where an action is brought in the name of the company as well as its Directors and Officers.

The cost of coverage is not expensive for the essential protection it provides the individual Director and Officer of the Company and should form part of your essential insurance portfolio.

For information, MacQueen International Insurance Brokers Limited is the appointed broker to members of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport in the UK for the provision of professional indemnity and directors and officers insurance.

No individual advice has been provided during the course of this blog. If you require bespoke advice on your pension, protection and investment planning, then please speak to the team at Chapters Financial Limited on 01483 578800.

For advice on professional risks protection, please contact Martin MacQueen on 01483 306771 or martin@macqueeninternational.co.uk

Keith Churchouse FPFS
Director,
ISO22222 Personal Financial Planner

Chapters Financial Limited Chapters Financial Limited is not responsible for the advice or service provided by MacQueen International Insurance Brokers Limited.

Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, number 402899.

MacQueen International Insurance Brokers Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, number 310867.

Larger Pension Contributions/ Pension Input Periods (PIPs)

Many clients and enquirers are aware that the tax year 2013/2014 has seen changes to the tax regime being applied to their income and allowances. A good example of this is the fall in the highest tax charge rate of 50% to a new lower level of 45%. More changes to the tax regime are due in the tax year 2014/2015 and one of these points, namely the Pension Input Period, or PIP for short may affect your pension planning in this tax year (2013/2014).

The Annual Allowance (the amount you can put into your pension without a penal tax charge being applied) is dropping to £40,000 in the 2014/2015 tax year from £50,000. It is important that you know the Pension Input Period (PIP) end dates for each of your pension plans to ensure that you do not exceed the limits, attracting a tax charge at your highest marginal income tax rate accordingly.

If the PIP end date for your pension falls in the new tax year 2014/2015, then any contributions will be tested against the reduced Annual Allowance of £40,000, rather than the current Annual Allowance of £50,000.

Remember that not all plans will have the same PIP dates and this should be checked on each plan that you hold.

It is also worth noting that Defined Benefit schemes (such as a Final Salary scheme) are valued using a factor of 16, plus lump sum where applicable, over the Consumer Prices Index (CPI). Therefore any increase in benefits increasing by approximately £2,500 for the year over CPI will breach the new reduced £40,000 Annual Allowance (2014/2015).  

If you would like to know more about this pension planning and your tax allowances then please contact the team at Chapters Financial Limited on 01483 578800.

No individual advice has been provided in the text of this blog. You should seek independent financial advice (IFA) in your own circumstances.

Keith G. Churchouse FPFS

ISO22222 Certified Financial Planner

Director and Financial Planner

Wedding Season Gifting / Allowances

As the summer approaches, so does the wedding season, usually at great expense to those involved, including parents.

As the big day arrives, many arrangements and expenses will need to be catered for and it usually a time when parents and grandparents, along with others think about making financial gifts to the happy couple.

Many of our clients and Blog readers will know that thy can gift away £3,000 in a tax year and for this gift to fall outside the donors estate from day one. If they did not use this allowance in the previous tax year, they can go back on year (£6,000 total).

For gifts on marriage, there are additional inheritance tax (IHT) allowances, as follows:

·         From a parent to a child on marriage: £5,000

·         From a grandparent (or great grandparent) to a grandchild on marriage: £2,500

·         Gifts from others as a single amount: £1,000

Further details are available on the HMRC website here: http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/inheritancetax/pass-money-property/exempt-gifts.htm#1

(Chapters Financial is not responsible for the content of external webpages)

You may want to take these gifts into account if a family member is getting married this summer.

You may also want to update your will to reflect this addition to your family and for future offspring. We do recommend that you keep your wills up to date and can recommend a local solicitor if you do not have your own contact/ arrangements.

I hope the day goes well!

If you would like to know more about this planning or your inheritance tax allowances then please contact the team at Chapters Financial Limited on 01483 578800.

No individual advice has been provided in the text of this blog. You should seek independent financial advice (IFA) in your own circumstances.

Keith G Churchouse, FPFS

Director
ISO 22222 Certified Financial Planner
Chapters Financial Limited

Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, number 402899. The Financial Conduct Authority does not regulate legal advice.

Investment Performance & Review 2013

2013 has started with many clients seeing positive returns on their investments, pensions and other holdings. It is always good to report such positive news, with many clients that we have undertaken reviews for being pleased with the progress made. This does not mean that we will not see additional volatility into the future. However is it encouraging to see fund values increasing in many instances. 

We gather information on investments from many sources to ensure and maintain a robust advice process. One source is our colleague, Stephen Williams, Managing Director at Cormorant Capital Strategies Ltd, who notes: 

Output and employment have sustained a curious push-me-pull-me trend in recent months. The first quarter of 2013 was no different. On the ILO* measure (perhaps the most credible of all the different measures); unemployment has drifted higher from 7.8% of the available workforce to 7.9%. At the same time the year-on-year increase in average earnings continued to slow; it now stands at just 0.8%, a full 2% lower than general inflation. In contrast to this increasingly gloomy backdrop came a surprisingly upbeat initial estimate for economic growth at 0.3% compared with the previous quarter (or 0.6% compared with a year earlier).

According to the Office for National Statistics the first quarter, it seems, was witness to a higher rate of growth than most had come to expect. Sensible observers were expecting a marginal gain (or decline) in the order of 0.1% to 0.2%. Both the Bank of England and the Office for Budget Responsibility were predicting that a triple-dip recession would be narrowly avoided. It was broad-based expansion in the service sector that led the growth, again (0.6% contributing 0.5%). Meanwhile production was flat and construction contracted, again (-2.5% contributing -0.2%).

Of course, that we describe growth in the region of 0.3% as ‘upbeat’ is testament to the duration of the current economic malaise. A full five years on, GDP remains 2.6% below the pre-recession level. Nevertheless, there are positive signs; equity markets are buoyant and eased credit conditions has inflated house prices a little. But both of these will need to be sustained if, in the absence of a sudden and somewhat unlikely rebalanced economy, we are to see any kind of momentum toward a real recovery.

Stephen Williams

Managing Director
Cormorant Capital Strategies Ltd

*International Labour Organization

The team at Chapters Financial has spent much time over the last years with existing clients and new enquirers viewing existing holdings and making changes where appropriate to meet both their attitude to investment risk and the objective of their plan, such as capital growth or income.

If you would welcome a review then please let us know and we can arrange to meet at a suitable time to undertake any agreed changes that may be appropriate in your circumstances. 

Past performance is not a guarantee of future performance. Fund values can fall as well as rise.

This Blog provides general information and should not be used as individual advice.
If you, your business or charity would like to receive individual advice on the issues of investment or pension planning , then please contact the team at Chapters Financial Limited on 01483 578800.

Keith G. Churchouse FPFS
ISO22222 Certified Financial Planner
Director and Financial Planner 

Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, number 402899.

The Financial Conduct Authority does not regulate Tax advice