Active or Passive Funds, which is best?

Investing funds for your future can prove to be a minefield for those who do not take suitable advice. Chapters Financial hope that through our informed processes, we are able to educate enquirers in investment planning and what can be achieved and possibly, more importantly, which investment styles can be used. As an example, some investors are not aware of the difference, or even the existence, of active and passive investment funds. You may have spotted the long list of funds listed in the financial sections of the weekend newspapers and the Broadsheets during the week.

So what are these active and passive funds and what might you want to consider?

• What do they do with your money?
• How do they differ?
• How can their performance be measured?

Active Fund examples

Active funds are, as the name suggests, actively managed by professional fund managers who make decisions on the individual holdings within the overall fund.

Invariably, they will be buying, and selling, different shares / gilts / commodities / etc. based on what they believe to exhibit the most, or least if selling, value at the time within their chosen sector. It could be suggested that you are effectively buying the expertise, skill and experience of fund manager’s team you are investing in, along with the assets of the fund. You are paying for this skill, expertise and experience within the fund’s Annual Management Charge (AMC/ known as On-going Charge in many investments). Investments are usually made for a return and the payback you wish to see for your decision is that your investment return is good (and some ‘benchmark’ their return against a corresponding index for comparison purposes). This benchmarking should demonstrate that the fund, and correspondingly the investment fund manager, is outperforming its peers (or not) within the marketplace.

Passive Fund examples

Conversely, passive funds are not (as you may have already guessed by now) actively managed.

They usually aim to track an chosen index, or benchmark, by being invested in a ‘basket’ of holdings which are designed to closely replicate the index, or benchmark, to varying degrees of accuracy depending on the type of passive fund. This ‘basket of holdings’ (usually unit holdings) is not changed unless the index, or chosen benchmark, is changed. One example of an index is the FTSE100 which is comprised of the top 100 leading companies listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). A FTSE100 Tracker Fund will buy shares in the FTSE100 companies and it will be unlikely to amend the basket of FTSE100 company shares unless certain companies fall in and out of the FTSE100 list. Due to less analysis, fewer transactions, minimised administration and reduced manpower required for passive funds the Annual Management Charges (AMC) tend to be lower than the Active funds noted above.

Benchmarking

Some investors prefer to have a measure to judge performance of their fund against the area they are targeting, such as Growth or a Stock Market, such as the FTSE, as examples. For Private Investors, one reasonable tool that can be used is APCIMS (Association of Private Client Investment Managers) FTSE benchmarks. There is a range available and a link to these can be found below:
http://www.ftse.com/Indices/FTSE_APCIMS_Private_Investor_Index_Series/index.jsp

Which to go for?

One question often posed is ‘why not just buy passive funds only to keep costs down you may ask?’
Although the costs of fund management are important and should be considered carefully, the answer is reasonably simple. If you are trying to achieve better returns than a chosen index or benchmark, then passive funds are highly unlikely to ever achieve this index return. Why? Due to the fact that the index, or benchmark, will not be reduced by the Annual Management Charge made to your fund and therefore the index return should always be greater.

It could then be suggested that the higher charges applied by an actively managed fund will require the investment to work harder to achieve the same return achieved in a passive fund/investment. There is some mileage in this argument, but without the constraints of an index to adhere to, this usually gives the manager a greater range and flexibility of investment choices. Some would argue that smaller funds can be more agile than larger funds, but without being tied to a (potentially) restrictive index, the scope of the manager for investment and, most importantly, returns should be increased.

Chapters Financial usually prefers actively managed funds, however a mixture of both active and passive funds can be used to great effect to generate capital growth (or income or both) depending upon the clients risk profile, objectives and timescale. Benchmarking, as noted above, may be a way of way of helping measure the success of this investment planning strategy.

Investment is about clients’ needs and desires for their money and its future. Any financial/investment planning should be based on your objectives and attitude to investment risk. For reference, an Investment Risk Schedule can be found on the Chapters Financial website here.

As you would expect, no individual investment/planning advice has been provided during the content of this Blog. This is because each client’s needs are individual and so is their planning. Chapters Financial Limited would be pleased to help you with your investment planning, in all its many formats, into the future, continuing to provide the independent financial advice (IFA) into 2013 and beyond.

Past performance is not a guarantee of future performance. Fund values can fall as well as rise. Chapters Financial is not responsible for the content of external Website links.

Simon Hewitt BSc (Hons) DipPFS, Financial Planner
Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority, number 402899.

Half-Time! for the tax year 2012/2013....Using Annual Allowances

The tax year starts on the 06th April each year and this is usually a busy time in UK retail financial services. The last minute pension and Individual Savings Account (ISA/Maximum £11,280 in 2012/2013) deposits are invested in time to use the annual allowance before the opportunity is lost. Many also look at any potential gains that have been made during the year to see if, where applicable, capital gains tax allowances (£10,600) can be used.

As we approach the halfway point of this tax year (2012/2013), we normally suggest that these annual allowances where unused, are visited to see if now is a good time to use them up? The gain for Chapters Financial is that we are spreading the years’ workload, but the gain for our clients to look for opportunities that may or may not be there when that annual tax year end rush occurs.

An example might be the recent rise in equity values/markets (past performance is not a guarantee of future performance and fund values can fall as well as rise and are not guaranteed) where gains on existing Unit Trust/Open Ended Investment Companies (OEICs) may be available and could efficiently be taken to use up the current capital gains tax allowance of £10,600. If you have capital losses available that could be bought forward, these may be used at the same time, however, we would recommend that you check this addition with your Accountant before proceeding. If you have not used your ISA allowance in this tax year and a gain is taken, you may choose to re-invest some of these proceeds into an ISA, up to the maximum of £11,280 in 2012/2013. If your spouse/partner has not used their allowance, this may provide an additional tax efficient opportunity.

Reviewing pension contributions is always worthwhile (standard limit £50,000 gross contribution pa/ total employer/employee) and it is not uncommon for Director/Managers to make single top-up contributions to pensions at this time of year. This timing may also be a reflection of their business year ends. 

As you can see from the notes above, a mid-year review may well be worthwhile in looking at the opportunities that may present themselves as we start the autumn 2012 season.

No individual advice has been provided during the content of this Blog and Chapters Financial Limited can help you with your tax year annual allowance planning both now and throughout the tax year(s).

We look forward to working with you. 

Keith Churchouse, FPFS, Chartered Financial Planner, ISO22222 Personal Financial Planner

Chapters Financial Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority, number 402899.